london underground line, with most stations

[62] They were not always a guarantee of safety however; on 11 January 1941 during the London Blitz, a bomb penetrated the booking hall of Bank Station, the blast from which killed 111 people, many of whom were sleeping in passage ways and on platforms. Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. [228] A 2010 London Assembly report concluded that over 10% of people in London had reduced mobility[229] and, with an ageing population, numbers will increase in the future. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. [89], Electronic ticketing in the form of the contactless Oyster card was first introduced in 2003,[90] with payment using contactless banks cards introduced in September 2014. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. This test tunnel was used for two years in the development of the first underground train, and was later, in 1861, filled up. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. LONDON TUBE MAP. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. [280], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. London Tube line suspended after horror double stabbing by station in broad daylight Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north west London. [216][217] The nightly closures are used for maintenance,[216] but some lines stay open on New Year's Eve[218] and run for longer hours during major public events such as the 2012 London Olympics. [82] The stations have subsequently been praised as exemplary pieces of 20th century architecture. [129] Since 1999 all new stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. Two people are stabbed outside Harlesden Tube station: Police rush to the scene and Bakerloo line is part-suspended. 191 trains have been introduced: 58 for the Metropolitan line and 133 for the Circle, District and Hammersmith & City lines. [244], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. [287][288] Many of these tile patterns survive, though a significant number of these are now replicas. . A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster in Britain during the Second World War, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. [319][320] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[312] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. [46] At the time, the term Underground was selected from three other proposed names; 'Tube' and 'Electric' were both officially rejected. [48] After the war, government-backed financial guarantees were used to expand the network and the tunnels of the City and South London and Hampstead railways were linked at Euston and Kennington;[49] the combined service was not named the Northern line until later. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. [11] In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, and there are only 33 stations south of the River Thames. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. Which underground line has most stations? The 85 existing 1992-stock trains are the most unreliable on the London Underground as they are equipped with the first generation of solid-state direct-current thyristor-control traction equipment. . Victoria) London Overground & Bakerloo line. [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. Westminster Picture: Alamy Admit it: every time you change at Westminster from the Circle line to the Jubilee. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. [339] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. [329], The Underground (including several fictitious stations[330]) has been featured[clarification needed] in many movies and television shows, including Skyfall, Death Line, Die Another Day, Sliding Doors, An American Werewolf in London, Creep, Tube Tales, Sherlock and Neverwhere. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[250][251][252]. The buildings had metal lettering attached to pale walls. It's useful and clearly indicates the general directions taken by the trains (north, south, east or westbound), with all interchanges clearly shown. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. The line is predicted to run 3036 trains per hour, up to a 50% increase compared to the 2425 train per hour service provided today. Devised in 1933 by Harry Beck, the London Underground map is a 20th-century design classic. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. Heathrow Terminal 4 Underground station is accessible via lifts or stairs on Level -1. It has been shown as two separate stations at different times in the past. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [138] In 2012, air-cooling units were installed on platforms at Green Park station using cool deep groundwater and at Oxford Circus using chiller units at the top of an adjacent building. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station. Today, London Underground delivers approximately 2.5 billion passenger journeys annually on 11 lines, from 272 stations. The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. Popular legends about the Underground being haunted persist to this day. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. [110], The average speed on the Underground is 20.5mph (33.0km/h). [317] The Met, strongly independent, used images on timetables and on the cover of its Metro-land guide that promoted the country it served for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. The district line has the most station. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. [10] The system serves 272 stations and has 250 miles (400km) of track. [76] Under the control of the GLC, London Transport introduced a system of fare zones for buses and underground trains that cut the average fare in 1981. [53], In 1933, most of London's underground railways, tramway and bus services were merged to form the London Passenger Transport Board, which used the London Transport brand. [17][18][19] The schematic Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, was voted a national design icon in 2006 and now includes other transport systems besides the Underground, such as the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Thameslink, the Elizabeth line, and Tramlink. [106], London Underground's eleven lines total 402 kilometres (250mi) in length,[1] making it the seventh longest metro system in the world. London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. 3 District line - 64km. [59] Following bombing in 1940, passenger services over the West London line were suspended, leaving Olympia exhibition centre without a railway service until a District line shuttle from Earl's Court began after the war. Police said they were called . Harry Potter fans will remember that the titular character has to find his way from the underground station to a secret . [261] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. [42] By 1907 the District and Metropolitan Railways had electrified the underground sections of their lines. [340], This article is about the rapid transit system in London. London Tube Lines Bakerloo Line The Bakerloo Line runs from Harrow & Wealdstone in north west London to Elephant & Castle south of the River Thames and is colour-coded brown on tube maps. Here are the most magnificent Tube stations on the London Underground. Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. [210] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. Travel tools; [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. Taking a moment to stop, step back, and look around inside some of London's Underground stations will reveal a wonderful display of urban design. 4. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. [142] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. New full-sized underground National Rail platforms at Lewisham (a great opportunity to rebuild that terrible station!) [180][181][182], In mid-2014 Transport for London issued a tender for up to 18 trains for the Jubilee line and up to 50 trains for the Northern line. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. Coming in second for length and second for number of stations it serves (53), just like the ride itself this line is very much the second 2 Metropolitan line - 66.7km. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). Waterloo & City line capacity increased by 50% by 2032, after the track at Waterloo station is remodelled. 4. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. There are 184 lifts,[153] and numbers have increased in recent years because of investment in making tube stations accessible. People ask also, what is the longest underground line? [331] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. 3. [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. There were many instances of passengers collapsing whilst travelling, due to heat and pollution, leading for calls to clean the air through the installation of garden plants. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. [137], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. [324][325] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[326] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[327] and "Beauty < Immortality, a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. The London Borough of Hackney, to the north, has two stations on its border. [211] Called a "Freedom Pass" it allows free travel on TfL-operated routes at all times and is valid on some National Rail services within London at weekends and after 09:30 on Monday to Fridays. [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. [171][173][174], The signalling system on the Jubilee line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%the line now runs 30 trains per hour at peak times, compared to the previous 24 trains per hour. According to Ruth Artmonsky, over 150 women artists were commissioned by Pick and latterly Christian Barman to design posters for London Underground, London Transport and London County Council Tramways. The Central line operates at 20-minute intervals between Leytonstone and Hainault, between Leytonstone and Loughton, and between White City and Ealing Broadway. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. The 11 new stations were designed to be "Future-proof", with wide passageways, large quantities of escalators and lifts, and emergency exits. [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. The District, needing to raise the finance necessary, found an investor in the American Charles Yerkes who favoured a DC system similar to that in use on the City & South London and Central London railways. On social media, email or the website, our travel tools can help you get around. Temporary sign boards that stand at the top of escalators also maximise turbulence. Updated: August 2022. [11] Despite its name, only 45% of the system is under the ground: much of the network in the outer environs of London is on the surface. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. Search for Tube station or line (e.g. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station. The Bakerloo line will receive new trains as part of the New Tube for London project. [16] This technology, developed in-house by TfL,[207] has been licensed to other major cities like New York City[208] and Boston. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. [296] Few new stations were built in the 50 years after 1948, but Misha Black was appointed design consultant for the 1960s Victoria line, contributing to the line's uniform look,[297] with each station having an individual tile motif. London Underground patronage by line in 201617, Underground Electric Railways Company era, Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle), The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. [311] Graphic posters first appeared in the 1890s,[312] and it became possible to print colour images economically in the early 20th century. [88], In July 2005, four coordinated terrorist attacks took place, three of them occurring on the Tube network. The London Underground uses a system of nine concentric zones for the calculation of fares between stations. [332] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[333]. [81], In April 1994, the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by British Rail and known as the Waterloo & City line, was transferred to the London Underground. . It also depends on an absence of turbulence in the tunnel headspace. To enable this, ventilation, power supply and control and signalling systems will be adapted and modified to allow the increase in frequency. There were 43 deaths and 74 injuries, the greatest loss of life during peacetime on the London Underground. The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. The Metropolitan line can reach speeds of 62mph (100km/h). The day-to-day running of the corporation is left to the Commissioner of Transport for London. 2. Kings Cross-St Pancras has the most lines, Baker Street has the most platforms, Bank-Monument is the biggest complex. [238] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. ", "Elizabeth line: almost 50 years in the planning for Crossrail timeline", "Elizabeth line: Crossrail complete after decades of struggle", "Coronavirus: 40 London Underground stations to be closed", "London Underground: Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station set to open", "Northern Line extension: Two new Tube stations open", "150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station)", "Which London Underground line is the fastest? The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. [272][39] The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October. Two people have been stabbed outside of Harlesden station in west London The London Underground is a metro system in the United Kingdom that serves Greater London and adjacent districts of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire. [212] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [28] Both railways expanded, the District building five branches to the west reaching Ealing, Hounslow,[29] Uxbridge,[30] Richmond and Wimbledon[29] and the Metropolitan eventually extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80km) from Baker Street and the centre of London. Printed in yellow on the Tube map, the 17-mile (27 km) line serves 36 stations, including most of London's main line termini. 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